Please refer to the attached file.
Executive summary
Introduction
The 2025 Northeast Nigeria Nutrition and Food Security Surveillance (NFSS) Round 15 survey assessed the nutritional status, health and food security of women and children across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe (BAY) states.
The humanitarian crisis in the BAY states has reached a critical level amid significant reductions in donor funding for humanitarian operations. The 2025 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan was underfunded, severely affecting the community’s well-being. According to the March 2025 Cadre Harmonisé analysis, approximately 4.6 million people in the BAY states were expected to face crisis or emergency levels of food insecurity during the lean season (May– September 2025).
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Round 49 assessment indicated 2,252,348 internally displaced persons spread across the BAY states – a slight decrease of 0.1 per cent (3,247 individuals) compared to Round 48. Further, 2,129,325 returnees were recorded – an increase of more than 1 per cent (18,848 individuals) compared to the previous round, suggesting some stability in the area.
Food insecurity remains at levels similar to 2024, emphasizing the urgent need for sustained assistance. Multiple factors, including flash floods, limited access to farmland due to insecurity and farmer–herder conflicts, and widespread displacement, continue to disrupt livelihoods. Additionally, the depreciation of the Nigerian naira, rising fuel prices and heightened inflation have negatively affected trade, purchasing power and economic activities across several local government areas (LGAs), depleting household food reserves and increasing the risk of acute malnutrition.
Overall, the survey aimed to generate robust evidence to guide humanitarian and policy interventions, focusing on malnutrition trends, child feeding practices, maternal nutrition, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions in conflict-affected areas.
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